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  • A Smelly Solution

    The scent of stinky, old socks leaves most people holding their noses with disgust. But scientists have discovered it is just the opposite for a certain pesky pest. Researchers have found that the odor of old socks is actually extremely attractive to mosquitoes. Dr. Fredros Okumu, head of the research project at Tanzania's Ifakara Health Institute, plans to use this new information to develop a device that will attract and trap mosquitoes. He hopes this unusual method will help prevent and fight malaria. TONY KARUMBA—AFP/GETTY IMAGESA mother and child in Tanzania use a bed net sprayed with insecticide to keep the mosquitoes out.A Big ProblemMalaria is a disease that is spread by infected mosquitoes. Symptoms of malaria can include chills, fever and vomiting. The disease can spread easily and quickly. One mosquito carrying malaria can infect numerous people. While malaria can exist in moderate climates, it is far more severe in tropic and sub-tropic climates like Africa. In parts of Africa, malaria can infect an entire population. Many of these populations live in rural areas with limited access to health and medical care.Malaria can be prevented and treated. But many African nations don't have the funds to fight it. While the global infection rate of malaria is continuing to drop, there are still over 220 million cases of malaria each year. Nearly 800,000 of these cases result in death, the majority of them being children in Africa. Okumu hopes this simple innovation can be used to develop a device that is affordable and accessible to the people who need them most.Biting BackMany methods have already been developed to squash mosquitoes. Bed nets treated with insecticide and indoor spraying have reduced the number of fatal malaria cases. But no such developments have been made to battle these bugs outdoors. The smelly mosquito trap may be the answer. "The global goal of eradication of malaria will not be possible without new technologies," said Okumu, who has been working on this project for two years.Okumu mixed eight chemical compounds to create the perfect scent to lure the mosquitoes into the trap. Then he experimented with poisons until he found one that could kill up to 95 percent of mosquitoes. Tests showed that traps scented with the odor of human feet attracted four times as many mosquitoes as a human volunteer, Okumu said.Okumu has been awarded a $775,000 grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and Grand Challenges Canada to fund his research to create the outdoor traps. He's working to make traps that would cost anywhere from $4 to $27. "It's bold, it's innovative and it has the potential for big impact," said Dr. Peter A. Singer, the head of Grand Challenges Canada, who co-funded Okumu's research. "Who would have thought that a lifesaving technology was lurking in your laundry basket?"BY CAMERON KEADY

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  • A Modern Fairy Tale

    Many young girls dream about being a princess. Few have their dreams become reality. Growing up, Kate Middleton was a good student and athlete. Now, at age 29, she is set to marry Prince William, 28, who is second in line to the British throne (see "Who Rules England?"). On April 29, William will make Kate the woman who may someday become Queen.The couple announced their engagement in November 2010. William gave Kate the engagement ring that was worn by his mother, Diana. Sadly, her fairy-tale marriage to Prince Charles did not have a happy ending. They divorced. Diana died in a car crash in 1997.A Nation Comes TogetherThere aren't many royal families in the world, which may explain why this event is such big news. In a recent poll of 2,000 British adults, 35% said they planned to watch the wedding on television. More than 1 billion people worldwide are expected to tune in. News organizations have converged on London. "Huge news stories come in many forms," says Helen Boaden, the director of BBC News. "You have moments when a nation comes together, and this is one of those moments."The families of the bride and groom are footing the bill for the wedding. But the cost of security for the event—estimated between $8 million and $33 million—will come from public funds. Modern fairy tales, it seems, are expensive affairs.Who Rules England?At one time, the Kings and Queens of England were powerful rulers. But the Reform Bill of 1832 moved the country toward a democratic system of government. Its current leader is Prime Minister David Cameron. The House of Commons operates much like the U.S. House of Representatives.The powers of Queen Elizabeth II, William's grandmother, are limited by law. The royal family performs mainly ceremonial duties. Still, Britain spends $66 million each year to support the royals. Counting unpaid taxes and security costs, the figure rises to $300 million. Critics say that is too much money. "The truth is that people aren't in love with the monarchy," says Graham Smith. He works for a group called Republic, which wants to replace the monarchy.Many young girls dream about being a princess. Few have their dreams become reality. Growing up, Kate Middleton was a good student and athlete. Now, at age 29, she is set to marry Prince William, 28, who is second in line to the British throne (see "Who Rules England?"). On April 29, William will make Kate the woman who may someday become Queen.The couple announced their engagement in November 2010. William gave Kate the engagement ring that was worn by his mother, Diana. Sadly, her fairy-tale marriage to Prince Charles did not have a happy ending. They divorced. Diana died in a car crash in 1997.A Nation Comes TogetherThere aren't many royal families in the world, which may explain why this event is such big news. In a recent poll of 2,000 British adults, 35% said they planned to watch the wedding on television. More than 1 billion people worldwide are expected to tune in. News organizations have converged on London. "Huge news stories come in many forms," says Helen Boaden, the director of BBC News. "You have moments when a nation comes together, and this is one of those moments."The families of the bride and groom are footing the bill for the wedding. But the cost of security for the event—estimated between $8 million and $33 million—will come from public funds. Modern fairy tales, it seems, are expensive affairs.Who Rules England?At one time, the Kings and Queens of England were powerful rulers. But the Reform Bill of 1832 moved the country toward a democratic system of government. Its current leader is Prime Minister David Cameron. The House of Commons operates much like the U.S. House of Representatives.The powers of Queen Elizabeth II, William's grandmother, are limited by law. The royal family performs mainly ceremonial duties. Still, Britain spends $66 million each year to support the royals. Counting unpaid taxes and security costs, the figure rises to $300 million. Critics say that is too much money. "The truth is that people aren't in love with the monarchy," says Graham Smith. He works for a group called Republic, which wants to replace the monarchy.BY ANDREA DELBANCO WITH TIME REPORTING BY EBEN HARRELL

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